Kul कुल

Dhillon is one of the largest and most widely spread Jat gots of Punjab. Rose (1919) puts its headquarters in the Gujranwala and Amritsar districts, with settlements along the Sutlej from Ferozepur upward. Its traditions give a Rajput ancestor, and Dhillon sardars led the Bhangi misl in the 18th century.

Gill is one of the largest Jat gots of Punjab, found especially in the Moga, Ferozepur, Ludhiana and Lahore country. Its traditions name an ancestor Gil, a Rajput's son by a Jat mother, who was found as an infant in a marshy place. This page is the Sikh Jat got. Ramgarhia Sikhs and a Chuhra group also carry the name, as separate groups.

Sandhu is among the largest Jat gots of Punjab, rooted in the Majha country around Amritsar and Lahore, with branches across the Doaba and Malwa. Rose's Glossary writes it Sindhu and ranks it second only to the Sidhu in numbers. It is a different got from Sidhu. Two Sikh misls, the Kanhaiya and the Nakai, were founded by Sandhu Jats.

Sidhu is one of the largest Jat clans of Punjab, with its old home in the Malwa country south of the Sutlej. The Brar branch (also written Barar) gave the ruling houses of Faridkot and, through Chaudhary Phul, the Phulkian houses of Patiala, Nabha and Jind. Clan tradition traces it to a Bhatti Rajput of Jaisalmer.

Bafna is an Oswal Jain clan. In the traditional list it is the second of the eighteen gotras said to have been formed when the Jain acharya Ratnaprabhasuri brought the people of Osian into Jainism. The Jain name of the gotra is Bahufana. A community history names Sachiya Mata of Osian as its kuldevi. Bafna families are recorded at Udaipur, Jaisalmer, Indore, Ratlam and other towns of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.

Nahata is an Oswal Jain clan. A Jain history of Rajasthan derives the name from the Bahuphana (Bafna) story, in which men of the line stood their ground in battle, and the oswals.net page on Bafna lists Nahata among Bafna's sub-gotras. A temple record of 1439 names a man of the Nahata gotra. The best known Nahata family today is the Khartargachha Jain family of Bikaner.

Singhvi is an Oswal Jain clan name that began as a title. Sanghvi, from the Sanskrit sanghapati, was given to the man who led and paid for a Jain pilgrimage. The title passed to his descendants and in time became a clan name. An 1890 list of Oswal gotras in Marwar includes it, and other lists place Sanghvi as a branch of the Bafna gotra. Because the title was earned by individuals, Singhvi families need not share one ancestor.

Bose, written Basu in Bengali, is one of the Kulin Kayastha families of Rarh in south-west Bengal. The Rarh genealogies give the line the Gautama gotra and trace its best-known branch to Dasharath Bose, whose descendants became the Mahinagar Boses after the lands they held under the Bengal sultans. The surname pages cover the name; this page is about the line.

Ghosh is one of the five Kulin Kayastha families of Rarh, the south-west of Bengal, named in the genealogies with Bose, Mitra, Guha and Datta. The kulajis trace it to a Kayastha called Makaranda Ghosh and give the family the Saukalin gotra. The surname is also used by the Sadgop and Goala communities, who are a different line; this page is about the Kayastha one.

Kapoor (also Kapur) is a Khatri clan of Punjab. In the traditional ghar scheme of the Khatri it is one of the three clans of the Dhai Ghar, the two and a half houses, with the Khanna and the Malhotra (Mehra). The name is also borne by Sikh and Muslim families of Punjab.

Khanna is a Khatri clan of Punjab and one of the three clans of the Dhai Ghar, the two and a half houses, with the Kapoor and the Malhotra (Mehra). Rose (1919) records that Khanna families took their sons to the shrine of Jasraj at Dipalpur for the first head-shaving, and that Khanna boys wore no top-knot.

Basnet, also written Basnyat, is a thar of the Khas Chhetri of Nepal. One branch, the Shreepali Basnyat of Gorkha, became one of the noble families of the Gorkha court during the unification of Nepal, and its members held the post of Mulkaji, chief minister, and commanded the army in the late 18th century.

Thapa is one of the large thar of the Khas Chhetri of Nepal. The name is tied to a warrior rank of the medieval Khasa kingdom in the Karnali region. The Bagale Thapa of Gorkha supplied Bhimsen Thapa and Mathabar Singh Thapa, who led the Nepali state in the early 19th century. This page is the Khas Chhetri Thapa; the Thapa of the Magar community are a different line with the same surname.

Bandyopadhyay, written Banerjee in English, is a Rarhi Kulin Brahmin name of Bengal. It is a gai name: the family title comes from a village, joined to upadhyaya, the teacher or priest. Mukhopadhyay, the name behind Mukherjee, is formed the same way from the village Mukhati. This page is about the gai and the Kulin system around it; the surname pages cover the names.

Kasana is a Gujjar clan, called gotra in Gujjar usage. It appears in the clan lists made for the Meerut and Bulandshahr districts of Uttar Pradesh in the 1890s and for Hoshiarpur in Punjab in 1904, and it is named among the prominent Gujjar gotras of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. Some writers connect the name with the Kushans. That identification is proposed, not established.

Lyngdoh is a Khasi kur, a matrilineal clan of the Khasi of Meghalaya. The word lyngdoh is also the Khasi title of the priest, and early accounts say the priest is always appointed from the Lyngdoh clan. The Khasi are a Scheduled Tribe with their own traditional religion; a kur belongs to that system and is not described here as a Hindu caste or given a Vedic gotra.

Birla is a khanp of the Maheshwari community, a Marwari trading community whose tradition says it descends from 72 Kshatriya families who took up trade after a curse and its release by Shiva. Community directories list Birla among the khanps with the gotra name Balans. The industrial Birla family comes from Pilani in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. Two community directories name different kuldevis for the khanp.

Mangang is the first of the seven Meitei salai of Manipur, with Luwang, Khuman, Angom, Moirang, Kha Nganba and Sarang Leishangthem. The royal Ningthouja line is counted with it. The sub-lineages of the Mangang salai are yumnaks. It is a Meitei clan in its own system and is not a gotra.

Shrestha is a status group among the Newars of the Kathmandu Valley, and also the surname many of its families write. In scholarly accounts of the Hindu Newar order it is placed after the Rajopadhyaya Brahmin priests. It is a collective title over many separate lineages, not one clan, and scholars still debate how its parts fit together.

Murmu is one of the twelve paris, the totemic clans of the Santhal. It is counted among the seven senior paris, second after Hansdak, and its totem is the nilgai, the blue bull or antelope. The Santhal are a Scheduled Tribe with their own religion, Sarna dharam. A pari is not a gotra, and the Santhal are not described here as a Hindu caste.